Stephen A. Burns, Indiana University, Vision Science Lab

Stephen A. Burns, Indiana University, Vision Science Lab Stephen A. Burns, Indiana University, Vision Science Lab Stephen A. Burns, Indiana University, Vision Science Lab

Stephen A. Burns, Indiana University, Vision Science Lab

Stephen A. Burns, Indiana University, Vision Science Lab Stephen A. Burns, Indiana University, Vision Science Lab Stephen A. Burns, Indiana University, Vision Science Lab
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  • AO Systems
  • AO Control
  • Vascular Imaging
  • Cones
  • CV
  • Approaches
    • Psychopysical
    • ERG
    • Wavefronts
    • Reflectometry and Imaging
  • Vision Science Program
  • More
    • Home
    • AO Systems
    • AO Control
    • Vascular Imaging
    • Cones
    • CV
    • Approaches
      • Psychopysical
      • ERG
      • Wavefronts
      • Reflectometry and Imaging
    • Vision Science Program
  • Home
  • AO Systems
  • AO Control
  • Vascular Imaging
  • Cones
  • CV
  • Approaches
    • Psychopysical
    • ERG
    • Wavefronts
    • Reflectometry and Imaging
  • Vision Science Program

Stephen A. Burns

Me, many years ago

School of Optometry Indiana University 800 E. Atwater Bloomington, IN, 47405

ORCID ID:  0000-0001-5348-035X 

Education:

  •  1972  B.S., Lehigh University
  •  1977  Ph.D., Biophysics The Ohio State University

Postdoctoral Training

  •  1977-1979 Post-Doctoral Fellow, Eye Research Laboratories,  The University of Chicago 

Academic Appointments:

  •  1972-1974 Graduate Teaching Assistant, Zoology, The Ohio  State University
  •  1974-1977 Research Assistant in Biophysics, The Ohio State  University
  •  1977-1979 Research Fellow in Ophthalmology, The University  of Chicago.
  •  1979-1980 Clinical Instructor in Ophthalmology, The  University of Pittsburgh
  •  1980-1984 Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, The  University of Pittsburgh 
  •  1984-1987 Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, The  University of Pittsburgh
  •  1987-1992 Associate Scientist, Eye Research  Institute
  •  1988-  200  Instructor, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard University
  •  1992-  Senior Scientist, Schepens Eye Research Institute
  •  1993-  97 Associate Director, Schepens Eye Research Institute
  •  2000-2005 Associate Professor in Ophthalmology, Harvard  University Medical School
  •  2004-2005 Visiting Professor, School of Optometry, Indiana  University
  •  2005-  Professor of Optometry, Indiana University
  • 2023-  Distinguished Professor, Indiana University

Awards and Honors

Other Professional Positions

  •  1979-1987   Directed Visual Testing Service for the Eye and  Ear Hospital of Pittsburgh
  •  1987-1989   Director of Psychophysics, The Retina  Associates
  •  2000-  2004  Member, Visual Sciences C (BDPE) Study Section, Center for Scientific  Review, NIH 
  • 2000- 2003  Member, Fight for Sight Review Panel 
  • 2001- 2004  Consultant, Ophthalmic Devices Panel, Food and  Drug Administration. 
  • 2004- 2009  Member, Ophthalmic Devices Panel,  FDA. 
  • 2008-  2014  Chair, Research Affairs Committee, Indiana University,  Bloomington 
  • 2011-2013 Board of Directors, Optical Society of  America 
  • 2013-2015 Vice Chair, Scientists Admittance Subcommittee,  AAO 
  • 2015-2017 Chair, Long Term Publication Planning, Optical  Society of America   
  • 2018-2024 Chair Editorial Ethics Subcommittee, Optical Society of America
  • 2018- Founding Board Member, International Ocular Circulation Society
  • 2019- Member, Board of Trustees, Association for Research in Vision And Ophthalmology
  • 2019-2020 Chair, Scientists Admittance Subcommittee,  AAO 
  • 2022 Vice President Elect- ARVO
  • 2023 Vice President - Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology

Honors 

  • 1993  Fellow, Optical Society of America 
  • 2006  Fellow, American Academy of Optometry 
  • 2008   Fellow, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (Gold  2014) 
  • 2010   Tillyer Medal, Optical Society of America 
  • 2019 Senior Scientist Award, Alcon Research Institute
  • 2021 Prentice Award, American Academy of Optometry

Membership  

  • 1978-  Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 
  • 1978-  The Optical Society of America
  •  1986-  International Research Group on Color Vision Deficiencies 
  •  1983-1987 University of Pittsburgh Center for Neuroscience  
  •  1983-1987 University of Pittsburgh Biomedical Engineering  Group 
  • 2014- International Society for Eye Research
  • 2018- International Ocular Circulation Society

Editorial Boards and Reviewing

  •  1987-1992 Co-Editor for Applied Optics feature issues  on "Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System"
  • 1992-1993 Co-Editor for Journal of the Optical Society of  America A feature issue on "Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual  System"
  • 1995-1996 Co-Editor for Applied Optics feature issues  on "Optical Technology in Biology and Medicine". 1995-1998 Associate Editor in charge of Biomedical Optics,  Applied Optics
  • 1999-2003 Editor for Visual Optics and Clinical  Optics, The Journal of the Optical Society of America
  •  2003-2009    Editor, Journal of the Optical Society  A. 
  • 2009  Editorial Board, Advances in Optics and  Photonics 
  • 2011  Chair, Publications Council, Optical Society of  America 
  • 2012-2014 Guest Editor, Optical Engineering 
  • 2013-2023 Editorial Board, Vision Research

Patents

  • Webb, R.H. Burns, SA. Penney, M, "Coaxial Spatially Resolved Refractometer" United States Patent 6,000,800, 1999.
  • Webb, R.H. Burns, SA. Penney, M, "Coaxial Spatially Resolved Refractometer" United States Patent 6,099,125 2000.
  • Burns, SA, Webb, RH “Methods and Apparatus for Measurement and Correction of Optical Aberration” 6,486,943, 2002.
  • Elsner; AE.; Burns; SA; Dreher; AW; Webb, RH.” Imaging apparatus and methods for near simultaneous observation of directly scattered light and multiply scattered light” United States Patent 6,640,124, 2003
  • Hammer, DX, Ferguson RD, Mujat, M, Patel, AH, Iftemia NV, Burns SA, “Multifunctional Adaptive Optics Retinal Imaging”, patent 20140247425, 2014 

Peer Reviewed Papers

  1. Hill, RM, Ritchie, GD, Bohman, CE, Burns, SA, and Hughes, HC "Retinal blur and the midbrain cell response'. Experientia, 15, 481, 1976. 
  2. Ingling, CR, Jr., Burns, SA, and Drum, BA "Desaturating blue increases only chromatic brightness". Vision Research, 17, 501-504, 1977. 
  3. Ingling, CR, Jr., Tsou, BH, Gast, TJ, Burns, SA, Emerick, JE, and Riesenberg L "The achromatic channel. I: The non-linearity of minimum border and flicker matches". Vision Research, 18, 379-390, 1978.
  4. Gast TJ and Burns SA "Detection thresholds for lights of varying purity". J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 632-633, 1979.
  5. Burns SA, Smith VC, Pokorny J,and Elsner AE "The brightness of equal luminance lights". J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 79, 1225-1231, 1982. 
  6.  Doft BH, Burns SA, and Elsner AE "The inverse electro- oculogram". Brit. J. Ophthalmol., 66, 379-381, 1982.
  7.  Burns S A, Elsner A E, Pokorny J, and Smith VC, "The Abney effect: chromaticity coordinates of unique and other constant hues". Vision Research. 24, 479-89, 1984.
  8.  Burns S A and Elsner AE, "Color matching at high illuminances: the color-match- area effect and photopigment bleaching". J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A 2, 698-704, 1985. PMC2882177
  9. Elsner AE, Pokorny J, and Burns SA "Chromaticity discrimination: effects of luminance contrast and spatial frequency". J. Opt. Soc. Amer A. 3, 916-920, 1986. 
  10. Baldinger JB, Doft BH, Burns SA, and Johnson B, "Retinal toxicity of Amphotericin B in vitrectomized versus non-vitrectomized eyes". Brit. J. Ophthalmol. 70,657-661,1986.
  11. Elsner AE, Burns SA, and Pokorny J, "Changes in constant hue loci with spatial frequency". Color Res. and Appl. 12, 42-50, 1987.
  12. Burns SA, Elsner AE, Lobes LA Jr., and Doft BH "A Psychophysical technique for measuring cone photopigment bleaching". Invest. Ophthalmol. and Vis. Sci. 28,711-717, 1987.
  13. Elsner AE, Burns SA, Lobes LA Jr., and Doft BH "Cone Photopigment bleaching abnormalities in diabetes". Invest. Ophthalmol. and Vis. Sci. 28, 718-723, 1987. 
  14. Elsner AE, Burns SA, and Lobes LA Jr. "Foveal Cone Pigment Optical Density in Retinitis Pigmentosa". Appl. Optics. 26,1378-1384, 1987. 
  15. Burns SA, Elsner AE, and Lobes LA "Photopigment Bleaching in Central Serous Retinopathy". Applied Optics. 27, 1045-1049, 1988. 
  16. *Warnicki J, Rehkopf P, Curtin DY, Burns SA, Arffa RC, and Stuart J "Corneal topography using computer analyzed rasterstereographic images". Applied Optics. 27, 1135-1140, 1988. 
  17. Elsner AE, Berk L, Burns SA, and Rosenberg PR. "Aging and human cone photopigments", J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A. 5, 2106-2112, 1988. 
  18. Burns SA, Kreitz M, and Elsner AE "Apparatus Note: A computer controlled, two color, laser-based optical stimulator for vision research". Applied Optics 30: 2063-2065, 1991.
  19. Burns SA, Elsner AE, and Kreitz M "Analysis of Nonlinearities in the Flicker ERG", J. Optom. Vis. Sci. 69, 95-102, 1992. 
  20. Elsner AE, Burns SA, Hughes GW, and Webb RH "Reflectometry with a Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope," Applied Optics, 31, 3697-3710, 1992.
  21. Elsner, AE, Burns SA, and Weiter JJ, "Retinal Densitometry in retinal tears and detachments", Clinical Vision Sciences 7, 489-500, 1992.
  22. Chen, JF, Elsner, AE, Burns, SA, Hansen, RM, Lou, PL, Kwong, KK, Fulton, AB "The Effect of Eye Shape on Retinal Responses". Clin. Vis. Sci., 7, 521-530, 1992.
  23. Elsner, AE, and Burns, SA and Webb RH "Mapping Cone Pigment Optical Density in Humans" J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 10, 52-58, 1993.
  24. Burns SA, and Elsner AE, "Color-matching at high illuminances: photopigment optical density and pupil entry" J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 10, 221-230, 1993.
  25. Chang, Y., Burns, SA, and Kreitz, MR, "Red-Green Flicker Photometry and Nonlinearities in the Flicker ERG". J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 10, 1413-1422, 1993.
  26. Burns, SA, Wu, S., Delori, F. and Elsner AE "Direct Measurement of Human Cone Photoreceptor Alignment" J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A. 12, 2329-2338, 1995.
  27. Wu, S, Burns, SA and Elsner, AE. "Effects of Flicker Adaptation and Temporal Gain Control in the Flicker ERG. Vision Research 35, 2943-2953, 1995.
  28. Elsner, AE, Burns SA, Weiter JJ, and Delori, FC "Infra-red imaging of subretinal structures" Vision Research 36,191-205,1996.
  29. Delori, FC, and Burns SA. "Fundus reflectance and the measurement of crystalline lens density" J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A. 13,215-226, 1996.
  30. Burns, SA, and Elsner, AE. The Response of the Retina at Low Temporal Frequencies. Journal of the Optical Society of AmericaA. 13, 667-672, 1996.
  31. Wu, S. and Burns, SA. Analysis of retinal light adaptation with the flicker electroretinogram. Journal of the Optical Society of AmericaA. 13, 649-657, 1996. 
  32. Wu, S, Burns, SA, Reeves, A. and Elsner AE. "Flicker Brightness Enhancement and Visual Nonlinearity" Vision Research 36, 1573-1582,1996.
  33. Wu, S, Burns, SA, Elsner, AE, Eskew, RT, and He, J. “Rapid sensitivity changes on flickering backgrounds: tests of models of light adaptation”, J. Optical Soc. Amer 14, 2367-2378, 1997. 
  34. Burns, SA, Wu, S, He, J, and Elsner, AE “Variations in photoreceptor directionality across  the central retina”, J. Optical Society Amer, A 14, 2033-2040, 1997. PMCID: PMC3395223
  35. Marcos, S, Burns, SA, and He, J "A Model for cone directionality reflectometric measurements based on scattering." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 15, 2012-2022, 1998.
  36. He, JC, Marcos, Webb, RH, and Burns, SA "Measurement of the wave-front aberration of the eye using a fast psychophysical procedure." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 15, 2449 – 2456, 1998.
  37. Elsner, AE, Burns, SA, Beausencourt, E, and Weiter, JJ, "Foveal cone photopigment distribution: small alterations associated with macular pigment distributions", Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39,2394-2404 1998
  38. Elsner, AE, Dreher, A, Beausencourt, E, Burns, S, Zhou, Z, and Webb, RH, "Multiply scattered light tomography:vertical cavity surface emitting laser array used for imaging subretinal structures" Lasers and Light in Ophthalmology, 8, 193-202, 1998.
  39. Marcos, S, and Burns, S.A. “Cone spacing and waveguide properties from cone directionality measurements” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A 16, 995-1004, 1999. PMCID: PMC2882181
  40. He, JC, Burns, S.A., and Marcos, S. “Comparison of cone directionality determined by psychophysical and reflectometric techniques” Journal of the Optical Society, A, 16:2363-2369, 1999. PMC2970515
  41. Marcos, S, Burns, S.A., Moreno-Barriuso, E, and Navarro, R "A new approach to the study of ocular chromatic aberrations" Vision Research 39, 4309-4324, 1999.
  42. He, JC, Burns, S.A., and Marcos, S. “Monochromatic Aberrations in the Accommodated Human Eye” Vision Research 40, 41-48, 2000.
  43. Elsner AE, L. Moraes, E. Beausencourt, A. Remky, S.A. Burns, J.J. Weiter, J. P. Walker, G. L. Wing, P. A. Raskauskas and L. M. Kelley “Scanning laser reflectometry of retinal and subretinal tissues” Optics Express 6, 243-250, 2000.
  44. Elsner,A.E., Miura, M., Burns, S.A., Beausencourt. E, Kunze C.,Kelley, L.M., Walker, J.P., Wing G. Raskauskas P.A., D.C. Fletcher D.C., Zhou Q. and Dreher A. “Multiply scattered light tomography and confocal imaging: detecting neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration” Optics Express 7, 95-106, 2000.
  45. Marcos, S, Burns, S.A. "On the symmetry between eyes of wavefront aberration and cone directionality", Vision Research 40, 2437- 2447, 2000. 
  46. Delori, F. C., D. G. Goger, B. R. Hammond, D. M. Snodderly and S. A. Burns (2001). "Macular pigment density measured by autofluorescence spectrometry: comparison with reflectometry and heterochromatic flicker photometry." J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 18(6): 1212-30. 2001
  47. Moreno-Barriuso E, Marcos, S, Navarro, R, Burns SA “Comparing Laser Ray Tracing, Spatially Resolved Refractometer And Hartmann-Shack Sensor To Measure The Ocular Wave Aberration” Optometry and Visual Science 78,152 – 156, 2001.
  48. McLellan JS, Marcos S, and Burns SA “Age-related changes in monochromatic wave aberrations of the humage eye” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 42, 1390-1403, 2001, 
  49. Marcos S, Burns, SA, Prieto, P, Navarro, RN, Baraibar, B Investigating The Sources For Monochromatic Aberrations And Transverse Chromatic Aberration In Human Eyes Vision Research 41 (28) 3861-3871, 2001.
  50. Elsner, A.E. Q.Zhou, F. Beck, P.E. Tornambe, S.A. Burns, J.J. Weiter, A.W. Dreher, Detecting AMD with Multiply Scattered Light Tomography. International Ophthalmology. 23: 245-250, 2001.
  51. Elsner, A.E., Burns, S.A., and Weiter, J.J. “Cone Photopigment In Older Subjects: Decreased Optical Density In Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration” J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 19: 215-222, 2002., PMID: 11778727 PMC2981061
  52. Burns, SA, Marcos, S, Elsner, AE, Bara, S, “Contrast Improvement for Confocal Retinal Imaging Using Phase Correcting Plates” Optics Letters. 27: 400-402, 2002.
  53. Prieto, P.M., Vargas-Martín,F, McLellan, JS, and Burns, SA, “The effect of the polarization on ocular wave aberration measurements”. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 19: 809-814, 2002.m PMID: 11934175
  54. McLellan, J.S. Marcos S, Prieto PM & Burns, SA “Imperfect Optics may be the Eye’s Defense Against Chromatic Blur”, Nature 417: 174-176, 2002. PMC2923468
  55. Yang, Y, Thompson, K, and Burns, SA “Pupil location under mesopic, photopic, and pharmacologically dilated conditions” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 43 2508-2512, 2002., PMID: 12091457 PMCID: PMC2989408
  56. Webb, RH, Penney, CM, Sobiech, J, Staver, PR, and Burns, SA, “The SRR: a null-seeking aberrometer” Applied Optics 42: 736-744, 2003., PMID: 12564494
  57. Burns, SA, Elsner, AE, Mellem-Kiraila, MB, and Simmons, RB, Improved Contrast of Subretinal Structures using Polarization Analysis, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44(9): 4061-8., 2003, PMCID: PMC2748276
  58. Thompson, K.P., Staver, P.R., Garcia, JR, Burns, SA, Webb, RH, and Stulting, RD. Using InterWave® Aberrometry to Measure and Improve the Quality of Vision in LASIK Surgery. American Journal of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology 111(7): 1368-1379, 2004, PMCID: PMC1458373
  59. Webb, RH, Albanese, MJ, Zhou, Y, Bifano, T and Burns, SA “A stroke amplifier for deformable mirrors” Applied Optics 43(28), 5330-5333 , 2004, PMID: 15495423
  60. Ferguson, RD. Hammer, DX, Elsner, AE, Webb, RH, Burns, SA, Weiter, JJ. Wide-field retinal hemodynamic imaging with the tracking scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Optics Express, 12, 5198-5208, 2004. PMC2923468
  61. Mellem-Kairala, MB, Elsner,AE, Weber, A, Simmons,RB, Burns, SA, "Improved contrast of peripapillary hyperpigmentation using polarization analysis." Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46(3): 1099-1106, 2005, PMID: 15728571
  62. Prieto, P, McLellan, J.S., and Burns, S.A. Investigating The Light Absorption In A Single Pass Through The Photoreceptor Layer By Means Of The Lipofuscin Fluorescence. Vision Research 45 (15): 1957-1965, 2005, PMCID: PMC1479308
  63. J. S. McLellan, P. M. Prieto, S. Marcos and S. A. Burns, Effects of interactions among wave aberrations on optical image quality, Vision Research 46 (18), 3009, 2006 PMCID: PMC2923468
  64. Hammer,DX, Ferguson, RD,  Bigelow CD, Iftimia , NV, Ustun te, Burns, SA, "Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope for stabilized retinal imaging", Opt. Express 14, 3354-3367 2006 PMC2923468
  65. Biss, D, Sumorok, D, Burns, SA,  Webb RH, Zhou Y, Bifano, T, Veilleux I, Zamiri P, and Lin C. “In vivo flourescent imaging of the mouse retina using adaptive optics” Optics Letters pp. 659-661, 2007, PMCID: PMC2808135
  66. Burns, S.A., Tumbar, R., Elsner, A.E., Ferguson, D., & Hammer, D.X.. Large-field-of-view, modular, stabilized, adaptive-optics-based scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Journal of the Optical Society of Americaa-Optics Image Science and Vision, 24 (5), 1313-1326., 2007, PMCID: PMC2443858
  67. Llorente, L, Marcos, S, Dorronsoro C, Burns SA, “The effect of sampling on real ocular aberration measurements” Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision, 24 (5), 2784-2796, 2007, PMCID: PMC2483833
  68.  Song, H, Zhao, Y, Chui, Y, Qi X, Burns, SA, Stokes Vector Analysis of Adaptive Optics Images of the Retina, Optics Letters, 33, 137-140, 2008, PMCID: PMC2710772
  69. Chui, Y, Song, H, Burns, SA, “Individual variations in human cone photoreceptor packing density: variations with refractive error.” Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49: 4679-4687, 2008 PMCID: PMC2710765
  70. Zhong, Z, Petrig, BL, Qi X and Burns SA “In vivo measurement of erythrocyte velocity and retinal blood flow using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy” Optics Express Vol. 16, Issue 17, pp. 12746-12756 , 2008, PMCID: PMC2738983
  71. Zou, W, Qi, X, Burns, SA, “Wavefront aberration sorting and correction for dual-deformable-mirror adaptive optics system” Optics Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 22, pp. 2602-2604, 2008 PMCID: PMC2738988
  72. Chui, T.Y.P., Song, H.X., & Burns, S.A. (2008). Adaptive-optics imaging of human cone photoreceptor distribution. Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision, 25 (12), 3021-3029. PMCID: PMC2738986
  73. Marcos, S, and Burns, SA, Cone Directionality from Laser Ray Tracing in Normals and LASIK patients, Journal of Modern Optics. 56: 2181 – 2188 2009
  74. Chui, TYP, Thibos, LN, Bradley, A, Burns, SA " The mechanism of vision loss associated with a cotton-wool spot" Vision Research Volume 49, Pages 2826-2834, PMCID: PMC2783881
  75. Zou, W, Burns, SA, "High-accuracy wavefront control for retinal imaging with Adaptive-Influence-Matrix Adaptive Optics" Optics Express. Vol. 17 Issue 22, pp.20167-20177 (2009), PMCID: PMC2882182 
  76. Ferguson, RD, Zhong, Z, Hammer, DX, Mujat, M, Patel, AH, Deng, C, Zou, W, Burns, SA, "Adaptive optics SLO with integrated wide-field retinal imaging and tracking" J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 27, A265-A277 (2010). PMCID: PMC3071649
  77. Song H, Qi X, Zou W, Zhong Z, Burns SA, Dual electro-optical modulator polarimeter based on adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 21, pp. 21892-21904 (2010) PMCID: PMC2972199
  78. Zhong Z, Song H, Chui TYP, Petrig BL, and Burns SA “Non-invasive measurements and analysis of blood velocity profiles in human retinal vessels”, Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science. June 10, 2011 vol. 52 no. 7 4151-4157 (2011), PMC3175937
  79. Zou, W, Qi, X, Burns, SA, “Woofer-tweeter adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopic imaging based on Lagrange-multiplier damped least-squares algorithm”, Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 2, Issue 7, pp. 1986-2004       doi:10.1364/BOE.2.001986. (2011) PMID: 21750774 PMCID: PMC3130583
  80. Song, H, Chui TYCP, Zhong, Z, Elsner, AE, Burns, SA “Variation of Cone Photoreceptor Packing Density with Retinal Eccentricity and Age”, Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science  52:7376-7384 (2011). PMCID: PMC3183974
  81. Chui, TYP, Zhong, Z, Burns, SA “The relationship between peripapillary crescent and axial length: implications for differential eye growth” ,Vision Research, Pages 2132-2138 doi:10.1016/j.visres.2011.08.008 (2011) PMCID: PMC3183405
  82. VanNasdale DA, Elsner AE, Hobbs T, Burns SA. Foveal phase retardation changes associated with normal aging. Vision Res. 2011 Nov;51(21-22):2263-72. Epub 2011 Aug 27. PMID: 21893077; PMCID: PMC3319026.
  83. Huang, G, Zhong, Z, Zou W, Burns, SA “Lucky Averaging: Quality improvement on Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Images” Optics Letters, Vol. 36, No. 19 3786-3789 (2011). PMCID: PMC3407537
  84. Zou, W, Qi, X, Huang, G, Burns, SA,  Improving wavefront boundary condition for in vivohigh resolution adaptive optics ophthalmic imaging, Biomedical Optics Express. Vol. 2, Issue 12, pp. 3309-3320 (2011) PMID: 22162821 PMCID: PMC3233250
  85. Zou W, Burns SA. Testing of Lagrange multiplier damped least-squares control algorithm for woofer-tweeter adaptive optics. Appl Opt. 2012 Mar 20;51(9):1198-208. doi: 10.1364/AO.51.001198. PMID: 2441462. PMCID: PMC3407539
  86. Chui, T. Y. P., Z. Y. Zhong, H. X. Song and S. A. Burns (2012). "Foveal Avascular Zone and Its Relationship to Foveal Pit Shape." Optometry and Vision Science 89(5): 602-610. PMCID: PMC3348263
  87. Huang G, Qi X, Chui TY, Zhong Z, Burns SA. A Clinical Planning Module for Adaptive Optics SLO Imaging. Optom Vis Sci. 2012 May;89(5):593-601. PMID: 22488269 PMC3348407
  88. Lei F, Burns SA, Shao L, Yang Y. Retinal measurements using time domain OCT imaging before and after myopic Lasik. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2012 May;32(3):222-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00905.x. PMID: 22512373.
  89. Zhong, Z Huang, G, Chui TYCP, Petrig BL, Burns, SA. Local Stimulus Flicker Evokes Local Retinal Blood Flow ChangesJournal of Vision (2012) 12(6):3, 1–8 PMC3410729
  90. Chui TY, Song H, Clark CA, Papay JA, Burns SA, Elsner AE. Cone photoreceptor packing density and the outer nuclear layer thickness in healthy subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 May 8. PMID: 22570340 PMCID: PMC3406883
  91. Chui, T. Y. P., D. A. VanNasdale and S. A. Burns (2012). "The use of forward scatter to improve retinal vascular imaging with an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope." Biomed. Opt. Express 3(10): 2537-2549. PMID: 23082294 PMCID: PMC3470005 
  92. Chui, T. Y. P., Gast, T.J. and Burns S.A. Imaging of vascular wall fine structure in human retina using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Oct 29;54(10):7115-24. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-13027. PMID: 24071955 Biomed Opt Express, 2014. 5(3): p. 961-74. PMCID:3959854
  93. Burns, S.A., A.E. Elsner, T.Y. Chui, D.A. Vannasdale, Jr., C.A. Clark, T.J. Gast, V.E. Malinovsky, and A.D. Phan, In vivo adaptive optics microvascular imaging in diabetic patients without clinically severe diabetic retinopathy. Biomed Opt Express, 2014. 5(3): p. 961-74. PMCID:3959854
  94.  Huang, G., T.J. Gast, and S.A. Burns, In Vivo Adaptive Optics Imaging of the Temporal Raphe and Its Relationship to the Optic Disc and Fovea in the Human Retina. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2014. 55(9): p. 5952-5961. PMCID:4172304 
  95. Chui, T.Y.P, Elsner, AE, vanNasdale, DA, Burns S.A. “The association between the foveal avascular zone and retinal thickness" Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science, 2014. Sep 30;55(10):6870-7. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-15446. PMCID: PMC4214206
  96. VanNasdale, DA, Elsner, AE, Peabody T, Kohne KD, Malinovsky VE, Haggerty BP, Weber A, Clark CA, Burns SA, Henle Fiber Layer Phase Retardation Changes Associated with Age-related Macular Degeneration, " Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015 Dec 18;56(1):284-90. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14459. PMCID: PMC4294289
  97. Huang G, Luo T,Gast TJ,Burns SA,Malinovsky VE,Swanson WH.Imaging glaucomatous damage across the temporal raphe. Invest Ophthalmol VisSci. 2015; 56: 3496–3504.DOI:10.1167/iovs.15-16730 PMID: 26047040 PMCID: PMC4464103
  98. de Castro Alberto, Huang Gang, Sawides, Lucie, Luo, Ting, Burns, Stephen A., Rapid high resolution imaging with a dual-channel scanning technique, Optics Letters: 2016 41(8) 1881-1884  PMID: 27082369 PMCID: PMC5535314
  99. Fu X, Gens JS, Glazier JA, Burns SA, Gast TJ (2016) Progression of Diabetic Capillary Occlusion: A Model. PLoS Comput Biol 12(6): e1004932. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004932, PMID: 27300722 PMCID:4907516
  100. Hillard, J, Gast TJ, Chui, TYP, Sapir D, Burns SA. Retinal Arterioles In Hypo-,Normo-, And Hypertensive Subjects Measured Using Adaptive Optics, Translational Vision Science & Technology August 2016, Vol.5, 16. doi:10.1167/tvst.5.4.16 PMC5015982 PMID: 27617182
  101. Lammer J, Prager SG, Cheney MC, Ahmed A, Radwan SH, Burns SA, Silva PS, Sun, JK Cone Photoreceptor Irregularity on Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Correlates with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy and Macular Edema Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 Dec 1;57(15):6624-6632. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-19537. PMCID 5152564 PMID: 27926754
  102. Elsner AE. Chui TYP, Lei F, Song HX, Papay JA, and Burns SA. Distribution differences of macular cones measured by AOSLO: variation in slope from fovea to periphery more pronounced than differences in total cones  2017 Vision Res. 132:62-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2016.06.015. PMCID: PMC5346455. PMID: 27793592
  103. Sawides, L., A. de Castro and S. A. Burns (2017). "The organization of the cone photoreceptor mosaic measured in the living human retina." Vision Res 132: 34-44. PMC5290289. PMID: 27353225
  104. King, BJ; Sapoznik, KA; Elsner, AE; Gast, TJ; Papay, JA; Clark, CA; Burns, SA, Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Adaptive Optics Imaging of Outer Retinal Tubulation , Optom Vis Sci. 2017 Mar;94(3):411-422. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001031. PMID: 27984506 PMC5321857
  105. Marcos S; Werner JS; Merrigan WH; Burns, SA, Artal P; Atchison D; Hampson KM; Legras R; Lundstrom L; Yoon G; Carroll J; Choi SS; Doble N; Dubis AM; Dubra A; Elsner AE; Jonnal R; Miller DT; Paques M; Smithson HE; Young LK; Zhang Y; Campbell M; Hunter J; Metha A; Palczewska G; Schallek J; Sincich LC, Vision Science and Adaptive Optics, The State of the Field. 2017, 132: 3–33 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2017.01.006PMID: 28212982PMCID: PMC5437977
  106. Luo, T., Vermeer, T., Gast, T.J., Burns, S.A.Retinal Vasculature Branching Measured by AOSLO in Normal and Diabetic subjects, 2017 Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science Vol.58, 2685-2694. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.17-21653. PMID: 28525557 PMCID: PMC6024667
  107. Sawides, L, Sapoznik, KA, de Castro, A, Walker, BR, Gast, TJ, Elsner, AE, Burns, SA, Alterations to the foveal cone mosaic of diabetic patients, Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science, 2017 58(9):3395-3403. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.17-21793 PMC5290289 PMID: 27353225 PMCID: PMC5501497
  108. de Castro A, Sawides, L. Qi, X, Burns, SA, Adaptive Optics Retinal Imaging with Automatic Detection of the Pupil and its Boundary in Real time using Shack Hartmann Images, 2017, Applied Optics 2017, 56, 6748-6754 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.006748  PMID: 29048013 PMCID: PMC5973534
  109. Karst, S, Lammer, J Radwan S, Kwak H, Silva P, Burns SA, Aiello L, Sun, J. “Characterization of In Vivo Retinal Lesions of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy”, 2018, International Journal of Endocrinology Volume 2018, Article ID 7492946, 12 pages  PMCID: PMC5954931 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7492946PMID: 29853882 PMCID: PMC5954931  
  110. Sapoznik, KA, Luo, T, de Castro, A, Sawides, L, Warner RL, Burns, SA. “Enhanced retinal vasculature imaging with a rapidly configurable aperture”, 2018, Biomedical Optics Express. Vol. 9, Issue 3, pp. 1323-1333 https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.9.001323PMID: 29541524 PMC5846534
  111. Ashimatey, BS, King, BJ, Burns, SA,  Swanson, WS Quantifying Glaucomatous Retinal Nerve Fiber Bundle Reflectance Abnormalities in Peripapillary OCT Enface Imaging  Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2018; 38: 376–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12449PMID: 29602236 PMCID: PMC6032849
  112. Lammer, Prager, S, Lin, M., Cheney, M., Silva P, Burns SA, Aiello L, Sun, J. “ Association of Microaneurysms on Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy with Surrounding Neuroretinal Pathology and Visual Function in Diabetes”, 2018, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.. 2018;59(13):5633 -5640 https://doi org:/10.1167/iovs.18-24386PMID: 30481280 PMC6262647 
  113. Burns, SA, Elsner, AE, Sapoznik, KR, Warner, RL, Gast, TJ, “Adaptive Optics Imaging of the Human Retina”, 2019; Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Volume 68, January 2019, Pages 1-30 PMC6347528 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.08.002 PMID: 30165239 PMC6347528
  114. Arthur, A, Elsner, AE, Sapoznik, KA, Papay, JA, Muller, M, Burns, SA. Distances from capillaries to arterioles or venules measured using OCT-A and AO-SLO Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci, 2019  Vol.60, 1833-1844. /doi.org/10.1167/iovs.18-25294
  115. King BJ; Burns SA; Sapoznik KA; Luo T; Gast TJ, High resolution, adaptive optics imaging of the human trabecular meshwork in vivo Translational Vision Science & Technology September 2019, Vol.8, 5. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.8.5.5PMCID: PMC6753965
  116. Palochak CMA, Lee, HE, Song, J, Geng, A, Linsenmeier, RA, Burns, SA, Fawzi, AA. Retinal Blood Velocity and Flow in Early Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy Using Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy, Journal of Clinical Medicine 2019, 8(8), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081165. PMCID: PMC6723736
  117. Swanson, WH, King, B.J. and Burns, S.A. Within-subject variability in human retinal nerve fiber bundle width, 2019, PLOS One . PLoS ONE 14(10): e0223350. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223350. PMCID: PMC6795422
  118. Elsner, A.E., J.A. Papay, K.D. Johnston, L. Sawides, et al., Cones in ageing and harsh environments: the neural economy hypothesis.Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12670 
  119. Warner RL, de Castro, A,. Sawides, L, Gast, TJ, Sapoznik, KR, Gast, TJ, Burns, SA, Full-Field Flicker Evoked Changes in Parafoveal Retinal Blood Flow, Scientific Reports, 2020 10: 16051 (2020)  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73032-0 PMCID: PMC7524838
  120. Akondi,V Kowalski BJ, Burns, SA, and Dubra, A. “ Dynamic distortion in resonant galvanometric optical scanners”   Optica 2020,  Vol. 7, Issue 11, pp. 1506-1513 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.405187 
  121. Brodie, Frank, Michael Repka, Stephen Allan Burns, S. Grace Prakalapakorn, Christie Morse, Joel S. Schuman, Michael R. Duenas, et al. "Development, Validation, and Innovation in Ophthalmic Laser-Based Imaging: Report from a Us Food and Drug Administration–Cosponsored Forum." JAMA Ophthalmology  (2021) Jan 1;139(1):113-118.PMID: 33211074  https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4994. 
  122. Benedi-Garcia, C, Vinas M, Dorronsoro C, Burns, SA Peli, E, Marcos S “Vision is protected against blue defocus” Scientific Reports, (2021), 11, 352 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79911-w PMID: 33432060 PMCID: PMC7801416 
  123. Luo, T, Warner, RL, Walker, BR, Sapoznik, KR, Burns, SA, “Template free eye motion correction for scanning systems”, Optics Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 4,pp. 753-756 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.415285 PMID: 33577506 
  124. Swanson, WH, Burns, SA, King BJ, Interpreting Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Reflectance Defects Based on ­­­Presence of Retinal Nerve Fiber Bundles, OVS, in press 2021;  
  125. Burns, SA, Elsner, AE, and Gast, TJ, “Imaging the retinal vasculature” Annual Review of Vision Science: 2021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-093019-113719 PMCID: PMC8446336
  126. Warner RL, Gast TJ, Sapoznik KA, Carmichael-Martins A, Burns SA, Measuring Temporal and Spatial Variability of Red Blood Cell Velocity in Human Retinal Vessels, Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.14.29PMID: 34846516 PMCID: PMC8648047
  127. Elsner, AE, Walker, Gilbert, RN, Parimi, VB, Papay, JA, Gast, TJ, Burns, SA. Cone Photoreceptors in Diabetic Patients, Frontiers in Medicine, Volume 9: 826643. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.826643 PMCID: PMC8968172
  128. Carmichael-Martins, A, Gast, TG, Burns, SA, Walker, BR, King, BJ. “Characterization of the human iridocorneal angle in vivo using a custom design goniolens with OCT gonioscopy” 2022, Biomedical Optics Express. 13(9), 4652-4667 (2022)  https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.465317 PMCID: PMC9484429 
  129.  Williams, DR, Burns, SA, Miller DR, Roorda A, “The Evolution of Adaptive Optics Retinal Imaging” Biomed Opt. Express 14, 1307-1338 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.485371 
  130. Carmichael-Martins, A, Gast, TG, King, BJ Walker, BR, Sobczak, M, Burns, SA, Imaging fine structures of the human trabecular meshwork in vivo using a custom design goniolens and OCT gonioscopyBiomed. Opt. Express 14, 5267-5281 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.500623 
  131. Sapoznik, KA, Gast, TJ, Carmichael-Martins, A, Walker, BR, Warner, RL, Burns, SA, Retinal arteriolar wall remodeling in diabetes captured with AOSLO 2023 TVST.    doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.12.11.16 
  132. Elsner, AE, Papay, JA, Parimi V, Jung HW, Clark, CA, Burns, SA, Gast, TJ. Potential vision tester using adaptive optics, Maxwellian view, and small pupil Biomed. Opt. Express 14, 6397-6409 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.502340 
  133. Huang B, Fukuyama, H, Burns, SA, Fawzi, A. Imaging the retinal vascular mural cells in vivo: elucidating the timeline of their loss in diabetic retinopathy. 2023 – Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2023 Dec 28. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.123.320169  PMID: 38152885 
  134. Luo, T, Gilbert, RN, Sapoznik, KA, Walker, BR, Burns, SA. Automatic montaging of adaptive optics retinal images based on graph theory Biomedical Optics Express (2024): ol. 15, pp. 1021-1037 (2024)  https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.505013

Research Funding Information

  • 1982-1983 NEI RO3 EY04347  Principal   Investigator, "A New Test of   Photopigment Kinetics"
  • 1987-1988 Lions Club Principal   Investigator, "Psychophysics Program"
  •  1991-92 The Teubert Trust Principal   Investigator, "Photoreceptor   Alignment" 
  •  1992-1994 The Hearst Foundation.Investigator,   "Macular Degeneration Research Center"
  •  1992-1995 NEI SBIR, R41 EY09015 Phase 1 and Phase 2. Investigator,   "Laser Anomaloscope"  to   Warren Ward, Fourward Technologies.
  •  1997-98 Lions Eye Research Fund Investigator
  •  1994-95,97-98 The Chartrand Foundation. Co-principal   Investigator, "Photoreceptor Alignment" 
  •  1997-2001 Department of   Energy Co-Investigator,   "Center of Excellence in Laser Medicine" 
  •  1998- SERI, Career enhancement award Principal   Investigator “Optical Image   Processing”  
  • 1998-2002 NEI EY12178   SBIR, Phase I and II Consultant, "Early Detection of   Age-related Macular Degeneration by MSLT,” 
  •  1999-2002 Emory Vision Correction Center Consultant "Development of   a next generation spatially resolved refractometer."
  •  2000-2002 Ministerio de Asuntos   Exteriores (Fulbright Foundation Grant)  Co-Principal Investigators “Técnicas de las células fotoreceptoras y   alta resolución de imágenes retinianas en dégeneration”
  •  2002-2005 NEI-   R01 EY14106 Bioengineering Research Partnership Live microscopy and cytometry in vascular biology   (Subcontract PI, Charles Lin, overall PI).
  • 2006-2007 AFOSR-   SBIR, Phase I and II Co-Principal Investigator on subcontract from “Focused Delivery of Laser Energy to   the Eye Using Adaptive Optics”, Daniel X. Hammer, PI, Physical Sciences, Inc
  •  2006-2007 NEI   –R43EY017256, Phase 1 SBIR Principal Investigator on subcontract, “Retinal   Hemodynamic Imaging with Tracking Doppler Flowmetry”, SBIR to Physical   Sciences Inc.  
  • 2005 2007-2009 012-2015 NEI   – SBIR, Phase 1 and Phase 2, 
  • Phase   2b Consultant on “Long   Stroke Wavefront Correctors for Retinal Imaging”, Paul Bierden PI, Boston   Micromachines, Inc.
  •  2003-2013 NEI   – RO1 EY14375   Bioengineering Partnership Local Principal Investigator, Adaptive Optics Instrumentation for Advanced Ophthalmic   Imaging. (Subcontract PI, David   Williams overall PI)
  •  2013 Fight   for Sight Summer Student Fellowship to Jake Hillard
  • 2012-2015 NEI-   R44 EY016295  Local Principal Investigator “Adaptive   Optics Retinal Imaging In A Clinical Setting Using Long Stroke Wavefront” (Paul Bierden, PI Boston Micromachines).
  •  2009-2016 NEI-   P30EY019008 Principle Investigator, Core grant for   Vision Science at Indiana University. 
  •  1982-2016 NEI-   RO1 EY04395  Principal Investigator, "Investigations of Human Cone Pigment Kinetics" 
  •  2015-2017 NEI   R41 EY026105  Co-Investigator, Lowering   the Cost of Imaging for Retinal Microvasculature in Diabetic Patients Elsner   (PI)    
  •  1987-2016 NEI R01 EYO7624 Co-Investigator, "Spatial   Extent of Retinal Damage" Ann E. Elsner PI
  •  2013-2016 Foundation Fighting Blindness Principal Investigator, Rapid Clinical Evaluation of Photoreceptors using high throughput Adaptive Optics
  •  2014-2022 NEI   EY024542 Co-investigator,    “3D RNFL Structure and High-resolution   Perimetry for Assessing Glaucomatous   Damage" PI Bill Swanson
  •  2014-2019 NEI R01 EY024315 Principal   Investigator “Adaptive Optics Imaging of Human Retinal Vascular Structure and Function”
  •  2016-2018 Allergan AOF  Principal   Investigator “High Resolution Imaging of the Trabecular Meshwork with the   Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope.”
  • 2017-2020 NEI EY028135 Co-investigator   “Glaucomatous Damage To Retinal Nerve Fiber Bundles” PI Bill Swanson 9/1/2017-8/31/2020    
  •  2018-2020 NEI R44EY024186  Co-investigator “Confocal and Autofluorescence Imaging of Macular Degeneration using a   Low Cost Digital Imager”  Muller (PI)   4/01/2018-3/31/2020
  •  2018-2019 1R41EY28499-A1  Co-Investigator “Tissue   Oxygenation in Small Retinal Vessels” Elsner (PI)
  •  2019 R41 EY030829  Co-Investigator “Visual acuity   and functional measurements in the aging eye” Elsner (PI)
  •  2019-2021 Alcon Senior Investigator Award Principal Investigator, Adaptive Optics Imaging of the Human Outflow Pathway.
  •  2019-2024 NEI R01 EY024315 Principal Investigator “Adaptive Optics Imaging of Human Retinal Vascular Structure and Function”

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